DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

What is a Butterfly?

Butterflies are beautiful, flying insects with large scaly wings.like all insects, they have six legs, three body parts, a pair of antennae, and compound eyes. The three body parts are the head, thorax (the chest), and abdomen (the tail end). The four wings and the six legs of the butterfly are connected to the thorax. The thorax contains the muscles that make the legs and wings move.

Butterflies ere very good fliers. They have two pairs, of large wings covered with colourful scales. Butterflies and moths are the only insects that have scaly wings. The wings are connected to the butterfly’s thorax (mid-section). Butterflies can only fly if their body temperature is above 27 degrees Centigrade. Butterflies sun themselves to warm up in cool weather. As butterflies get older, the colour of the wings fades and the wings become ragged.

The speed varies among butterfly species (the poisonous varieties are slower than noun – poisonous varieties). The fastest butterflies can fly at about 50 kilometers per hour (kph) or faster. Slow flying butterflies fly about 8 kph.

Rubik’s cube

Rubik's cube is a toy puzzle designed by Erno Rubik, an architect and professor at the University of Budapest. It is a cube-shaped and contains of smaller cube pieces with six sides having different colors. The cube was so popular during the 1980s, and at its peak between 1980 and 1983. 200 million cubes were sold world wide. In the solved condition, Rubik’s cube has six faces which all of the colors are same. The Rubik's cube has red, yellow, blue, green, white, and orange color. The edges and corners move when the cube is rotated and the cube becomes scrambled. The challenge of the puzzle is to solve each cube to the original position.

There are many solutions to solve the Rubik’s cube. Lars Petrus, Jessica Fridich, and Shotaro Makisumi, are people who created the solution to solve it. A common solution used by cubers was developed by Jessica Fridrich, a professor at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Binghamton University. It uses a large number of algorithms, especially for orienting and permuting the last layer. The cross consists of one color is done first and then continue to make second and first layer by F2L (First 2 Layer) algorithms that consist of 41 algorithms. The next step is to solve the third layer by OLL (Oriented Last Layer) and PLL (Permutation Last Layer). Fridrich's solution requires learning roughly 120 algorithms but the Cube can be solved in only 55 moves on average.

There are two kinds of Rubik’s cube, DIY and Original Rubik’s cube. DIY (Do It Yourself) Rubik’s cube is the cube that can be assembled and modified by ourselves. The core of it made up of bolts; so we can arrange the bolts to get a comfortable Rubik’s cube. Types of DIY Rubik’s cube are, A type, C type, and F type. Every type has different advantages for cubers. For the example, F type is a lightweight Rubik’s cube and it almost can’t be pop out. It is suitable for a stylish cuber. C type has a good material and it suitable for a rush cuber. The second type is Original Rubik’s cube or we can call Ori Rubik. Ori Rubik is the cube that can’t be assembled or modified by ourselves. The core of this made of nails. Ori Rubik is suitable for a beginner cuber that’s training their fingertrick

NARRATIVE TEXT

Faster is better

Once, a cat and a fox were traveling together. As they went along, picking up provisions on the way – a stray mouse here, a fat chicken there – they began an argument.

“you think you are extremely clever, don’t you? “ said the Fox. “Do you pretend to know more than me? Why, I know a whole sack full of tricks!”

“Well,” retorted the cat, “I admit I know one trick only, but that one, let me tell you, is worth a thousand of yours!”

Just then, close by, they heard a hunter’s horn and the yelping of a pack of hounds. In an instant, the Cat was up a tree, hiding among the leaves.

“This is my trick,” he called to the fox. “Now let me see what yours are worth.”

But the fox had so many plans for escape that he could not decide which one to try first. He dodged here and there with hounds at his heels. He doubled on his tracks, he ran at top speed, he entered a dozen burrows, but all in vain. The hounds caught him, and soon put an end to the boaster and all his trick.

The rabbit’s tail story

Many years ago, rabbits had long tails, not short ones, and crocodiles had tongues.

One such long-tailed rabbit lived near a pond. He drank water from the pond and the grass nearby.

Now, in the pond lived a crocodile. The crocodile saw the rabbit eating grass and drinking water, and he thought how nice it would be to eat the rabbit.

One day the crocodile swam very close to the edge of the pond. He lay still in the water, hoping that the rabbit wouldn’t see him. When the rabbit came to drink

, the crocodile opened his mouth wide. Then he closed it with a snap. The rabbit was caught between the crocodile’s sharp teeth!

Of course, the rabbit was very frightened, but he did not want the crocodile to know this. “I’m not afraid of you,” said the rabbit. “I’m only afraid of animals that roar. Everyone knows that crocodiles can’t roar, so you can’t frighten me.

When the crocodile heard this, he became very angry. He wanted to show the rabbit that he could roar as fiercely as a tiger. And so, the crocodile opened his mouth to roar. When the crocodile opened his mouth, the clever rabbit jumped free. As he jumped, the rabbit’s sharp toe-nails caught the crocodile’s tongue and tore it out.

The crocodile tried to catch the rabbit again, but his great teeth only snapped off the end of the rabbit’s tail. Again and again the crocodile tried to catch the rabbit, but the rabbit was too quick for him. Sometimes the crocodile caught a piece of the rabbit’s tail, but he could never roar at the rabbit because he had lost his tongue.

That is why rabbit today have short tail, and crocodiles have no tongue

TEXT EXPLANATION

How to Keep Friendship

Friendship is very important in our life. We can share our problem or our happiness to our friends. We can also get spirit from them. We usually get information from our friends. Knowing the importance of friendship makes us try to keep it as well as possible. Here, I will explain about how to keep friendship. There are some tricks that can be used to keep friendship.
The first, don’t call our friends with wrong name. We must call them with right name. If we call them with wrong name, it indicates that we don’t pay attention to them. Name is important and valuable thing for everyone. The name called correctly is a kind of respect for the owner of it. So, we must remember or write the names of our friends correctly. If we forget their name, we can check our name lists.
The second, if we meet our friends, we have to say “Hi, Novi; Assalamu’alaikum, Ria,” etc. Greeting shows that we are not arrogant person. When we are walking, we have to look at people around us. Don’t forget to say “Hallo” to everyone that we know although they may forget our name.
The third, we have to send them SMS (Short Message Service) once two weeks minimally. Don’t send SMS or call only when we need them because they will consider us as an egoist friend. We have to send them SMS although we only ask them how they are or what they do.
The fourth, don’t forget to say “Happy birthday” to them. We don’t need to send a present to them because this word is enough as a good friend. We can say it by telephone, SMS, or when we can say directly if we meet them in the school. Write the birthday of our friends in hand phone or block note. Saying “Happy birthday” is very meaningful for our friends who celebrate it or not.
The fifth, don’t forget to come when you are invited. For example, we come to their party such as birthday party, wedding party, etc. Remember, our coming to their party is to give a respect for them. The important thing is your coming, even though it is just for a moment. But, sometimes, we have other importance that same as our friends party. What should we do? We must tell our friend about it before and give them some reasons that we can not attend to their party.
Friendship is something simple, but actually has many advantages in our life. If we don’t keep it, we and our friend will forget each other. We will forget them and they will forget us too. If we have many friends and can keep it, we are success in our friendship.

The Greenhouse Effect

Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s near-surface air and oceans since the mid-20th century and its projected continuation. The causes of the recent warming are an active field of research. The scientific consensus is that the increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases due to human activity caused most of the warming observed since the start of the industrial era, and the observed warming cannot be satisfactorily explained by natural causes alone. This attribution is clearest for the most recent 50 years, being the period most of the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations took place and for which the most complete measurements exist.
The greenhouse effect was discovered by Joseph Fourier in 1824 and first investigated quantitatively by Svante Arrhenius in 1896. It is the process by which absorption and emission of infrared radiation by atmospheric gases warm a planet’s lower atmosphere and surface. Existence of the greenhouse effect as such is not disputed. The question is instead how the strength of the greenhouse effect changes when human activity increases the atmospheric concentrations of particular greenhouse gases. Naturally occurring greenhouse gases have a mean warming effect of about 33 °C (59 °F), without which Earth would be uninhabitable. On Earth the major greenhouse gases are water vapor, which causes about 36–70 percent of the greenhouse effect (not including clouds); carbon dioxide (CO2), which causes 9–26 percent; methane (CH4), which causes 4–9 percent; and ozone, which causes 3–7 percent.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Global Warming

Global warming is the increasing temperature of earth surface, it had happened since the mid-20th century and it is still continuing until now. Global warming is a bad thing for the earth and the life on it.
Many things cause global warming. Earth naturally insulted by a delicate balance of heat-trapping (greenhouse) gases in the atmosphere. These gases protect the earth, when the sun shines on the earth, these gases absorb some the heat of the sunlight to keep the earth warm enough to support the life. However, human activities since the industrial revolution have released more and more carbon dioxide so it has increased the concentration of greenhouse gases. The other gases that become greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are methane, tropospheric ozone, CFCs, and nitrous oxide. The increasing of these gases in the atmosphere makes more and more heat that is trapped in the atmosphere, so it makes temperature increase too. That is the most important thing that causes global warming. There are still many things that cause global warming and they are still caused by human activities, for example deforestation.
Global warming brings damaging effects for the earth and the life on it, for example:
Rising sea levels, leading to more coastal erosion, flooding during storms, and permanent inundation.
Increase drought and increase incident of wildfires.
Impact on human health because mosquitoes and other disease-carrying insects and rodents spread diseases over larger geographical regions.
Disruption of agriculture.
Climate changes.
Global warming is the worst thing that may happen in the earth, but it doesn’t mean that global warming progress cannot be hampered. We can solve this global warming problem to avoid the worst effect of global warming. These are some ways that we can do to solve global warming:
Do not cut down the tree. We must plant the trees and keep them well.
Minimize the used of electricity.
Save the water.
Reduce the used of car and motorcycle because every time we drive a car, we release carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gases into the air.
Minimize the used of AC.
Every little thing that we do now will determine the kind of world in the future, so keep saving the earth.

The Digestive System

Human body is made up of countless millions of cells. Food is needed to build up new cells and replace the worn out cells. However, the food that we take must be changed into substance that can be carried in the blood to the places where they are needed. This process is called digestion.
The first digestive process takes place in the mount. The food we eat is broken up into small pieces by the action of teeth, mixed with saliva, a juice secreted by glands in the mount. Saliva contains digestive juices which moisten the food. So, it can be swallowed easily.
From the mount, food passes through the esophagus (the food passage) into the stomach. Here, the food is mixed with the juices secreted by the cells in the stomach for several hours. Then the food enters the small intestine. All the time the muscular walls of the intestine are squeezing, mixing, and moving the food onwards.
In a few hours, the food changes into acids. These are soon absorbed by the villi (microscopic b ranch projections from the intestine walls) and passed into the bloodstream.

HOW TO MAINTAIN A CLEAN HOME?

Every people really like to have a clean home. But, most of people just rely on Mom or helper to maintain a clean home. I will explain to you some interesting tips to maintain a clean house that the entire family can and should use. All family members living in the home should help take care of the home they live in.
Clean up any and all messes immediately. You will get into the habit of doing this after a while. Make a habit of cleaning up as you go! This saves time and keeps your home clean and organized. Washing dishes as you cook works great and prevents the large pile to wash after the meal. Then, never go to bed with a dirty kitchen. Even if you can’t get to the dishes right after a meal, make sure the kitchen is clean before bedtime. Keep your bathrooms clean. Keep disinfectant wipes in the bathroom so anyone can use them immediately if needed. These are great for quick cleanups! After that, take 15 minutes a day to clean your home. It’s a tempting thought to try and clean the entire house all at once, and if you can do that, great!
If everyone is partaking to take care it, maintain a clean home will be easy and enjoy work. While no one will change overnight, incorporating these tips into your daily life will soon make new and neater habits.

What Causes Stress?

Stress is the emotional and physical strain caused by our response to pressure from the outside world. We all wouldn’t want to stress, but it’s almost impossible to live without some stress. Because all of our daily life maybe cause stress.

Stress give life some spice and excitement, but if stress gets out of control, it may harm your health, your relationship, and your enjoyment of life. Stress can cause both mental and physical symptoms. The mental symptoms of stress are tension, irritability, inability to concentrate, feeling excessively tired, and trouble sleeping. And the physical symptoms of stress are tight muscles that may cause pain and trembling, sweating palms, difficulty breathing, headache, and a pounding heart. Many addictions are linked to a stressful lifestyle, such as overeating, smoking, drinking, and drug abuse. These are used as a temporary way of exceed stress. But it just contribute to death and disability. Stress can make an asthma attack worse and increase the danger of heart attactks, particularly if you are often angry and mistrustful. Not only it, constant stress can increase blood pressure and can increase the risk for stroke.

We can manage stress with humor and do our hobbies. Simple activity that we can do to manage stress is waching a funny movie or do relaxing hobby such as gardening and painting. So, don’t worry and be happy. Take easy your life, don’t be a stress person.

Smoking is a Bad Habit

Smoking is breathing smoke from a cigarette or uses a cigarette as a habit. The person who smokes tobacco regularly is called active smoker, and the person who just breathe the smoke or the person around in the active smoker when he or she uses a cigarette is called passive smoker.

I have three reasons why smoking is a bad habit. The first reason is smoking can disturb a health. It can make cancer, especially lung cancer, heart attack, impotent, etc. why it can happen? You need to know that in a bar of cigarette is contain of nicotine, tar, and another poison which are really dangerous for our health.

The second reason is the price of cigarette is very expensive. And I think buying cigarette is wasting a lot of money, because we spend a lot of money to buy useless thing is extremely stupid. It is better if we buying food, drink, or another useful things.

The last reason is smoking disturb the people around the smoker. As we know that risk affect of cancer, impotent, heart attack, etc is much more attack to the passive smoker than active smoker. And the smoke which comes from a cigarette is really disturbing the air.

In conclusion, there are three reasons why smoking is a bad habit. They are smoking can disturb our health, buying cigarette is wasting a lot of money, and smoking is disturb the environment. So, keep away from smoking habit gals!

How the Rain Happened?

Rain is the water that falls from the clouds in the separate drop. Some countries, exactly which lie in the around of equator line like Indonesia, have the rains as one of the season. It usually happened in October to April. It is influenced by the blowing of the wind from the ocean that blows in the particular period.
In Indonesia, rain is produced when the wind blow from the west that comes from The Hindia Ocean. The winds which blow above the ocean bring much steam from the evaporation of the sea water that is passed. It brings much steam because the ocean that is passed is too large. When the wind reaches the land, the steams condense to be dew and drop in the land. The dew drop is usually called the rain.
That is the how rain happened. It is usually happened in October to April because the blowing of the wind from Hindia Ocean usually happened in that period. But, sometimes it is not exactly begin in October because the influence of the weather.